Hydrazine hydrate is a powerful chemical compound composed of hydrazine (N2H4) and water (H2O). It is a colorless, flammable, and highly reactive liquid with a pungent odor. This compound has found various applications across industries due to its unique properties, but its handling requires careful attention due to its toxicity and potential hazards. The Hydrazine Hydrate Market size was USD 222 million in 2021 and is projected to reach USD 308 million by 2027, at a CAGR of 5.8% from 2022 to 2027.
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Properties:
- Chemical Formula: N2H4 · xH2O
- Molecular Weight: Approximately 32 g/mol (anhydrous hydrazine)
- Physical State: Colorless liquid
- Odor: Pungent and ammonia-like
- Boiling Point: Around 120.1°C (248.2°F)
- Melting Point: -51.7°C (-61.1°F)
- Solubility: Miscible with water and alcohol
- Reactivity: Highly reactive and can undergo exothermic reactions with various compounds, including oxidizing agents.
Uses:
- Rocket Propellant: Hydrazine hydrate is used as a rocket propellant due to its highly exothermic decomposition, which releases a large amount of gas. It has been used in various space missions and satellite propulsion systems.
- Chemical Synthesis: It serves as a reducing agent in various chemical reactions, such as the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other specialty chemicals.
- Fuel Cells: In fuel cell applications, hydrazine hydrate can be used as a hydrogen source due to its ability to release hydrogen upon decomposition.
- Blowing Agent: It is used in the production of foams and polymer materials, where its decomposition generates gases that create a cellular structure within the material.
- Oxygen Scavenger: Hydrazine hydrate is employed in boiler water treatment to remove dissolved oxygen, preventing corrosion and extending the life of metal components.
- Photography: It was historically used as a photographic developer.
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Safety Considerations:
- Toxicity: Hydrazine and its derivatives are toxic and can be absorbed through the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. Exposure can lead to symptoms such as irritation, nausea, vomiting, headache, and even more severe health effects.
- Fire and Explosion Hazard: Hydrazine is highly flammable and can spontaneously ignite on contact with certain materials. Its use requires careful handling and storage.
- Compatibility: Hydrazine hydrate can react violently with various substances, including strong oxidizers, acids, and metal powders.
- Protective Measures: Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), ventilation, and containment measures are crucial when working with hydrazine hydrate.
Regulations: Due to its hazardous nature, the handling, storage, and transportation of hydrazine hydrate are subject to strict regulations and guidelines set by various national and international organizations, such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code.
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Top Market Players: The key players profiled in the report include Arkema S.A. (France), LANXESS AG (Germany), Lonza Group AG (Switzerland), LGC Science Group Holdings Limited (UK), and Nippon Carbide Industries Co., Inc. (Japan) and others.
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