The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a specialised environmental court in India established to deal with cases related to environmental protection and conservation. Its main objective is to provide effective and speedy justice in matters concerning the environment.
Below are the important functions of National Green Tribunal explained clearly:
1. Handling Environmental Violation Cases
NGT takes up cases involving:
- Industrial pollution
- Illegal construction in eco-sensitive zones
- Improper waste management
- Damage to forests, rivers, and wetlands
Any affected individual or organisation can approach the Tribunal.
2. Ensuring Implementation of Environmental Laws
The Tribunal ensures proper implementation of key environmental laws such as:
- Water Act, 1974 Licenses
- Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
- Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
It checks whether authorities and industries are complying with legal norms.
3. Power to Issue Binding Orders
NGT has the authority to:
- Suspend or stop harmful projects
- Impose environmental compensation
- Order corrective and preventive measures
Its decisions are legally binding and enforceable.
4. Promoting Sustainable Development
One of the core functions of NGT is to balance economic growth with environmental protection by applying principles like:
- Sustainable Development
- Precautionary Principle
- Polluter Pays Principle
5. Fast-Track Environmental Justice
Unlike traditional courts, the National Green Tribunal aims to resolve cases within a limited timeframe, ensuring quicker relief in environmental disputes.
Conclusion
The National Green Tribunal plays a crucial role in safeguarding the environment while ensuring that development activities follow environmental laws and sustainability standards.
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