Healthcare CRO services industry found its initial foundation when pharmaceutical companies were able to do all of their in-house R&D, but were often faced with capacity issues, and it was this occasional need for excess capacity, where resources were limited, that led to the creation of the first CROs. By then, for many other reasons, sponsors have opted to outsource R&D operations, including obtaining resources that are not available in-house, achieving a decrease in fixed prices, and benefiti